CONNECTORS

Connectors

Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join together clauses of equal importance.

Some examples of coordinating conjunctions are - and, but, or,

I eat rice and fruit

Fatimah is beautiful and intelligent

Use of 'and'

'And' is used as a conjunction when the words or phrases are of equal importance and both conditions exist. Other words that can be used in place of and are: moreover, in addition to, along with, plus, as well as, further more

• Tom and Harry play hockey.
• A lion and a fox live in this cave.
• We need some gloves and a ball in addition to bats.
• The soldiers rose moreover they cheered the leader.
• We found the thief along with the bags.
• The gurgling stream along with the howling wind added to the charm of the place.

Use of 'but'

The conjunction 'but' is used to show a contradiction between two phrases. Let's say the first phrase leads you to expect a certain event and the second phrase tells you quite a contradictory outcome. In such an event, but, is used.

Other words like: nevertheless, yet, however, can be used in place of 'but'

• He ran, but he missed the bus.
• She studied hard but could not score well in the test.
• The hill was very steep but the old man could climb it easily.
• Sharon fell from the horse nevertheless she did not cry.
• The lion was hungry yet it did not attack Androcles.
• He is from England however he speaks Chinese very well.

Use of 'Or'

When we need to express a choice between two words or phrases we use 'or'. Here only one of the two conditions exists.

Example:

Would you take a cup of tea or coffee?

Would you take a cup of tea and coffee?

Shall we buy a book or a toy?

Sit on the bench or on the grass.

Are you tired or shall we go out for a walk?

We can learn to talk English or we can depend on sign language.

Correlative conjunctions:

Conjunctions used in pairs are correlative conjunctions

Either..... or	Either Peter or John has taken the book.
Neither.....nor	It is neither hot nor tasty.
Both.....and	My sister is both smart and intelligent.
Whether..... or	Tell me whether you know the route or not.
Not only..... but also	Not only is she stupid but also stubborn.

Compound conjunctions

Compound conjunctions are groups of words that behave like conjunctions.

In order that, on condition that, provided that, as soon as

Compound Conjunction

Usage

In order that	I bought all the books in order that you may study
On condition that	The teacher excused him on condition that he would not repeat the mistake.
Even if	Sarah would not marry him even if he proposed to her.
So that	I kept away my work so that I could spend time with my daughters
Provided that	You can take leave provided that you work overtime later
As though	Rex behaves as though he were the boss.
As well as	Monica as well as veronica was present there
As soon as	Mr. Ford plans to pay off his loan as soon as he gets his bonus.
As if	It looks as if there were going to be a storm.

Subordinating conjunction

A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning. The chief subordinating conjunctions are after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before, unless.I will not go to the market if it rains.

• The situation 'I will not go to the market' is dependant on the condition 'if it rains'.
• You could go and play after you have done the dishes.
• King Midas was unhappy because his daughter turned to God.
• You must dig the earth till you find water.

Observe the use of connectors in these sentences.

• Lydia likes to sing and dance when she is happy.
• We can paint our house red or white but we must select a good painter.
• Harry is intelligent however he is lazy. He must wake up or he will regret it.
• I left the party because I was bored, moreover it was quite late.
• He was sad and tired along with being very hungry when a wizard appeared and offered him food however he laid down some conditions.
• He is cheerful though he has worked the whole day.
• I allowed him in as I thought he was a friend but he tried to rob me.
• You will do well if you study hard.
• My daughters either watch TV or sleep on Sundays.
• Susan is very fat but very active.
• I met by friend in the park and invited her to tea.
• A student must obey or he may leave.
• Jane and Peter have been chosen to receive the guest.
• After the trip Sam came to work but he was very tired.
• Bring some sandwiches or you will be hungry.
• They jumped over the stream and ran home.
• The dog ran after the rabbit but could not catch him.
• My aunt is ill so I will visit her tomorrow.
• The show started as soon as the chief guest arrived.
• You will enjoy the concert since you love music.
• This horse will take you to the village you even if he is tired.
• He was rowing the boat while I slept.
• The bridge fell though it was made of stones.
• You will pass if you work hard.
• He will not try unless he is forced to.
• We will come after we complete the work.
• The old man cared for the puppy as though she was his baby.

INFINITIVE

Infinitive

FUNCTION

The most common uses of the infinitive are:

To indicate the purpose or intention of an action (where the 'to' has the same meaning as 'in order to' or 'so as to'):

• She's gone to collect her pay cheque.
• The three bears went into the forest to find firewood.

As the subject of the sentence:

• To be or not to be, that is the question.
• To know her is to love her.
  (Note: this is more common in written English than spoken)

With nouns or pronouns, to indicate what something can be used for, or what is to be done with it:

• Would you like something to drink?
• I haven't anything to wear.
• The children need a garden to play in.

After adjectives in these patterns:

• It is + adjective +to-infinitive
  It is good to talk
• It is + adjective + infinitive + for someone + to-infinitive.
  It is hard for elephants to see mice
• It is + adjective + infintive + of someone + to-infinitive.
  It is unkind of her to say that.

After an adjective + noun when a comment or judgement is being made:

• It was a stupid place to park the car.
• This is the right thing to do.
• It was an astonishing way to behave.

With too and enough in these patterns:

too much/many (+ noun) + to-infinitive

• There's too much sugar to put in this bowl.
• I had too many books to carry.

too + adjective + to-infinitive

• This soup is too hot to eat.
• She was too tired to work.

too + adverb + to-infinitive

• He arrived too late to see the actors.

enough (+ noun) + to-infinitive

• I've had enough (food) to eat.

adjective + enough + to-infinitive

• She's old enough to make up her own mind.
• You are too beautiful for me.
• You are beautiful enough for me.

not enough (+noun) + to-infinitive

• There isn't enough snow to ski on.

not + adjective + enough + to-infinitive

• You're not old enough to have grand-children!
• You are too beautiful for me
• You are beautiful enough for me

The Infinitive without to

after auxiliaries/modals

can	He can run very fast.
could	As a boy he could run very fast.
may	I may fly to Africa this summer.
might	I might fly to Africa this summer.
must	I must go now.
mustn't	You mustn't smoke here.
needn't	You needn't go.
shall	We shall sing a song.
should	We should sing a song.
will	She will cook a meal for his birthday.
would	She would cook a meal for his birthday.

after to do

do	I don't know.

after the following expressions:

had better	You had better clean up your room.
would rather	Susan would rather study for her exam tomorrow.
would sooner	I would sooner read a book than watch this film.
why not	Why not ask your neighbour for help?
why should we	Why should we go by car?
why should we not	Why should we not go by car?

after verbs of perception + object (action has finished):

feel	She feels the rain fall on her face.
hear	I heard Peter sing a song.
notice	Mandy noticed the boy climb the tree.
see	They saw him climb up the roof.
watch	He watched the thieves steal a car.

after let + object:

let	Sandy let her child go out alone.
	Mother let her daughter decide on her own.
let's	Let's go for a walk through the park.

after make + object:

make	She made Peggy and Samantha clean the room.

SEPULUH KELOMPOK UMAT NABI MUHAMMAD yang amalannya sia-sia

Sepuluh kelompok umat Nabi Muhammad yang amalannya sia-sia**

وعن معاذِ بن جبلٍ قالَ: " قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؛ أرَأيْتَ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى : {يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً}؟ قَالَ: "يَا مُعَاذُ سَأَلْتَ عَنْ عَظِيمٍ مِنَ الأَمْرِ " ثُمَّ بَكَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَقَالَ: "يَا مُعَاذُ يُحْشَرُ النَّاسُ عَشْرَةَ أصْنَافٍ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أشْتَاتاً قَدْ بَدَّلَ اللهُ صُوَرَهُمْ وَغَيَّرَهُمْ مِنْ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَبَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْقِرَدَةِ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْخَنَازير، وَبَعْضُهُمْ مُنَكَّسُونَ  عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ وَأرْجُلُهُمْ فَوْقَ وُجُوهِهِمْ يُسْحَبُونَ وَبَعْضُهُمْ عُمْيٌ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَمْضُغُونَ ألْسِنَتَهُمْ وَهِيَ مُدَلاَّةٌ عَلَى صُدُورهِمْ، يَسِيلُ الْقَيْحُ مِنْ أفْوَاهِهِمْ لُعَاباً  يَتَقَذرُهُمْ  أهْلُ الْجَمْع، وَبَعْضُهُمْ مُقَطَّعَة  أيْدِيهِمْ وَأرْجُلُهُمْ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ مُصَلَّبُونَ عَلَى جُذُوعٍ مِنْ نَارٍ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ أشَدُّ نَتْناً مِنَ الْجِيَف، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَلْبَسُونَ جِبَاباً( مِنْ قَطِرَانٍ لاَزقَة بجُلُودِهِمْ.

Dari Mu’adz bin Jabal berkata “aku bertanya: Ya Rosululloh, bagaimana pendapat engkau tentang ayat Alloh  { يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِي الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً }? Rosululloh menjawab: Ya Mu’adz, egkau telah bertanya sebuah perkara yang amat besar. Kemudian Rosululloh saw menangis, kemudian bersabda: Hai Mu’adz, manusia dari ummatku akan digiring pada hari itu ke dalam sepuluh kelompok yang Alloh telah merubah fisik mereka dan mengeluarkan mereka dari jamaah orang-orang Islam. Sebagian digiring dalam bentuk kera, sebagian dalam bentuk babi, sebagian berjalan terbalik diatas wajah-wajah mereka sedang kaki mereka berada diatas kepala mroncal-mroncal (jawa). Sebagian digiring dalam kedaan buta dan bingung, sebagian bisu, tuli tidak tahu apa-apa, Sebagian menggigit lidah mereka sementara lidah mereka menjulur sampai dada mereka, dari mulut mereka mengalir nanah bercampur darah sehingga mengotori teman-teman mereka. Sebagian digiring dalam keadaan buntung tangan dan kaki mereka, dan sebagain disalib di tiang api neraka, sebagian digiring dalam kondisi berbau sangat busuk, dan sebagian digiring dalam keadaan berpakaian tir yang panas yang selalu melekat pada tubuh mereka.

فَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْقِرَدَةِ النَّمَّامُونَ، وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صُورَةِ الْخَنَازيرِ الأَكَّالُونَ السُّحْتَ ، وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ مُنَكَّسُونَ عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ أكَلَةُ الرِّبَا، وَالْعُمْيَانُ الْجَائِرُونَ فِي الْحُكْمِ، وَالصُّمُّ الْبُكْمُ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُعْجَبُونَ بأَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَالَّذِينَ يَمْضُغُونَ ألْسِنَتَهُمْ الْعُلَمَاءُ الوُعَّاظُ الَّذِينَ خَالَفَ قَوْلُهُمْ أعْمَالَهُمْ، وَالْمُقَطَّعَةُ أيْدِيهِمْ وَأرْجُلُهُمْ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْجِيرَانَ، وَالْمُصَلَّبُونَ عَلَى جُذُوعِ النَّار السُّعَاةُ  إلَى السُّلْطَانِ، وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ أشَدُّ نَتْناً مِنَ الْجِيَفِ  هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَتَنَعَّمُونَ باللَّذاتِ وَالشَّهَوَاتِ، وَمَنَعُوا حَقَّ اللهِ مِنْ أمْوَالِهِمْ، وَالَّذِينَ يَلْبَسُونَ الْجِبَابَ  هُمْ أهْلُ الْكِبْر وَالْفُجُور وَالْخُيَلاَءِ  

Adapun orang-orang yang digiring daalm bentuk kera adalah orang yang selalu adu domba. Dan yang digiring dalam bentuk babi adalah pemakan السُّحْتَ*. Adapun orang yang digiring terbalik kaki dan kepala mereka adalah pemakan riba. Adapun orang yang bingung adalah orang yang dzolim/urik dalam bidang hukum. Sedangkan orang yang bisu dan tuli adalah orang yang taajub terhadap prestasi/karya mereka. Dan orang yang menggigit lidah mereka adalah para ulama yang selalu memeberi nasehat dapi amal mereka bertolak belakang dengan ucapan mereka. Sedangkan orang yang buntung kaki dan tangan mereka adalah orang yang menyakiti tetangga. Dan yang disalib di tiang api neraka adalah orang yang curang dalam memperoleh jabatan. Sedangkan orang yang berbau lebih busuk dari bangkai adalah orang yang mengikuti nafsu merek untuk kesenangan dunia sementara mereka enggan memberikan hak-hak Alloh. Dan orang yang memakai jubah dari tir yang panas adalah orang yang congkak, maksiat dan sombong.

Note:

1.       ** Tafsir  Al Imam At Thobaroni

2.       * Ibnu Abbas = suap

3.   *Ibn Hajar   = الرشوة في الحكم

4.   *Penghasilan yang tidak halal.