CONNECTORS

Connectors

Coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions join together clauses of equal importance.

Some examples of coordinating conjunctions are - and, but, or,

I eat rice and fruit

Fatimah is beautiful and intelligent

Use of 'and'

'And' is used as a conjunction when the words or phrases are of equal importance and both conditions exist. Other words that can be used in place of and are: moreover, in addition to, along with, plus, as well as, further more

• Tom and Harry play hockey.
• A lion and a fox live in this cave.
• We need some gloves and a ball in addition to bats.
• The soldiers rose moreover they cheered the leader.
• We found the thief along with the bags.
• The gurgling stream along with the howling wind added to the charm of the place.

Use of 'but'

The conjunction 'but' is used to show a contradiction between two phrases. Let's say the first phrase leads you to expect a certain event and the second phrase tells you quite a contradictory outcome. In such an event, but, is used.

Other words like: nevertheless, yet, however, can be used in place of 'but'

• He ran, but he missed the bus.
• She studied hard but could not score well in the test.
• The hill was very steep but the old man could climb it easily.
• Sharon fell from the horse nevertheless she did not cry.
• The lion was hungry yet it did not attack Androcles.
• He is from England however he speaks Chinese very well.

Use of 'Or'

When we need to express a choice between two words or phrases we use 'or'. Here only one of the two conditions exists.

Example:

Would you take a cup of tea or coffee?

Would you take a cup of tea and coffee?

Shall we buy a book or a toy?

Sit on the bench or on the grass.

Are you tired or shall we go out for a walk?

We can learn to talk English or we can depend on sign language.

Correlative conjunctions:

Conjunctions used in pairs are correlative conjunctions

Either..... or	Either Peter or John has taken the book.
Neither.....nor	It is neither hot nor tasty.
Both.....and	My sister is both smart and intelligent.
Whether..... or	Tell me whether you know the route or not.
Not only..... but also	Not only is she stupid but also stubborn.

Compound conjunctions

Compound conjunctions are groups of words that behave like conjunctions.

In order that, on condition that, provided that, as soon as

Compound Conjunction

Usage

In order that	I bought all the books in order that you may study
On condition that	The teacher excused him on condition that he would not repeat the mistake.
Even if	Sarah would not marry him even if he proposed to her.
So that	I kept away my work so that I could spend time with my daughters
Provided that	You can take leave provided that you work overtime later
As though	Rex behaves as though he were the boss.
As well as	Monica as well as veronica was present there
As soon as	Mr. Ford plans to pay off his loan as soon as he gets his bonus.
As if	It looks as if there were going to be a storm.

Subordinating conjunction

A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning. The chief subordinating conjunctions are after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before, unless.I will not go to the market if it rains.

• The situation 'I will not go to the market' is dependant on the condition 'if it rains'.
• You could go and play after you have done the dishes.
• King Midas was unhappy because his daughter turned to God.
• You must dig the earth till you find water.

Observe the use of connectors in these sentences.

• Lydia likes to sing and dance when she is happy.
• We can paint our house red or white but we must select a good painter.
• Harry is intelligent however he is lazy. He must wake up or he will regret it.
• I left the party because I was bored, moreover it was quite late.
• He was sad and tired along with being very hungry when a wizard appeared and offered him food however he laid down some conditions.
• He is cheerful though he has worked the whole day.
• I allowed him in as I thought he was a friend but he tried to rob me.
• You will do well if you study hard.
• My daughters either watch TV or sleep on Sundays.
• Susan is very fat but very active.
• I met by friend in the park and invited her to tea.
• A student must obey or he may leave.
• Jane and Peter have been chosen to receive the guest.
• After the trip Sam came to work but he was very tired.
• Bring some sandwiches or you will be hungry.
• They jumped over the stream and ran home.
• The dog ran after the rabbit but could not catch him.
• My aunt is ill so I will visit her tomorrow.
• The show started as soon as the chief guest arrived.
• You will enjoy the concert since you love music.
• This horse will take you to the village you even if he is tired.
• He was rowing the boat while I slept.
• The bridge fell though it was made of stones.
• You will pass if you work hard.
• He will not try unless he is forced to.
• We will come after we complete the work.
• The old man cared for the puppy as though she was his baby.